Govt. Sr. Sec. School, Jethantri

Types of chemical reactions — combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, and redox. Balancing equations and effects of oxidation.

Properties of acids and bases, pH scale, importance of pH in daily life, preparation and uses of common salts — bleaching powder, baking soda, washing soda, Plaster of Paris.

Physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals, reactivity series, ionic bonding, extraction of metals, and corrosion.

Covalent bonding, versatile nature of carbon, homologous series, nomenclature, chemical properties of carbon compounds — combustion, oxidation, substitution, addition reactions. Ethanol and ethanoic acid.

Nutrition (autotrophic & heterotrophic), respiration (aerobic & anaerobic), transportation in plants and humans, excretion in humans and plants.

Nervous system in animals — reflex arc, brain structure. Coordination in plants — tropic and nastic movements. Hormones in animals and plants.

Asexual reproduction — fission, fragmentation, budding, spore formation. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants and humans. Reproductive health.

Mendel's contribution, laws of inheritance, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, sex determination in humans, evolution — acquired and inherited traits.

Laws of reflection, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, magnification. Refraction through glass slab, lenses, lens formula, power of a lens.

Structure of the human eye, defects of vision and their correction, refraction through prism, dispersion of white light, atmospheric refraction, scattering of light.

Electric current, potential difference, Ohm's law, resistance, resistivity, series and parallel circuits, heating effect of electric current, electric power.

Magnetic field, field lines, force on current-carrying conductor, electric motor, electromagnetic induction, electric generator, domestic electric circuits.

Ecosystem — components, food chains and webs, 10% energy rule. Environmental problems — ozone depletion, garbage disposal, biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.